61.  But unless there is constant effort to innovate, unless new knowledge is applied more effectively, and unless research is more explicitly directed toward the problems of those most in need, there is little hope that societies will be able to overcome the difficulties they now face.

62.  By the same token, new knowledge may be of little relevance to someone innovating a social instrument to satisfy a need that changing demographics or tax laws have created.

63.  He goes on to cite examples of such situations including incongruities, process needs, industry and market changes, demographic changes and new knowledge.

64.  It is on their best judgement that decisions are made, resources allocated and, as more information becomes available, changes put forward to take into account the new knowledge.

65.  They will require new knowledge and skills, and management developers must orchestrate the necessary acquisition.

66.  The new knowledge is acquired through changes in the prices of resources and of products, brought about by the bids and offers of the entrepreneur-producers who are eagerly competing for the profits to be won by discovering where resource owners and consumers have (in effect) underestimated each other's eagerness to buy or to sell.

67.  Success is important and in a well organised school children succeed in gaining new knowledge and skills each day.

68.  There is no reason why it couldn't have been invented at almost any time in the previous century - it used no new scientific knowledge, no new materials, and no new technology.

69.  To demonstrate this the project will construct and characterise the knowledge base of a number of firms, to describe the range of ways in which firms identify short comings in respect to some aspect of their knowledge resources and to analyse how they respond to acquire new external knowledge.

70.  They involve acquiring new knowledge and attitudes to learning including a degree of flexibility often uncomfortable to an insecure teacher and foreign to an authoritarian culture, more work and more thinking for everybody: and thinking in itself is hard work.